William Blake And The Divine Image Essay - 2209 Words

William Blake, a transitional figure in British literature, was the first romantic poet to focus on content instead of form. Blake is one of the great mystics of the world, like Henry More and Wordsworth; he lived in a world of glory, of spirit and of vision, which, for him, was the only real world. His devotion to God expresses through his lyrical poetry collection Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. This collection contains 51 poems where the poems of Innocence are counter part of the poems of Experience. ‘The Lamb’, ‘The Divine Image’ and are poems from Songs of Innocence and ‘The Tyger’, ‘The Sick Rose’ and ‘The Human Abstract’ are poems from Songs of Experience. Blake’s poetry can easily be interpreted by the theory of New Criticism that attempts to treat each work as its own distinct piece, free from its environment, era, and even author. Poetry is one of the most useful expressions of a mystic†™s inner experiences. By nature Blake, a mystic is able to access a state of consciousness that is beyond the usual awareness of humanity. This paper will give a glimpse to its readers about Blake’s poetic vision on world, its connection with God along with a clear concept that unconsciously his lyrics maintain the theory of new critics who give more importance to close analysis of form, literary devices, and technique of a text. Blake, English painter-poet, has been the subject of many scholarly works since the end of the Nineteenth Century. Not until the TwentiethShow MoreRelatedWilliam Blake s Poem, The Divine Image And The Human Abstract2156 Words   |  9 PagesOver time, man Christians who have a firm foundation in the Bible begin to develop and express their own theories. William Blake was one of these people. While he wrote many things, the poems â€Å"the Divine Image† and â€Å"the Human Abstract† from his books Songs of Innocence and of Experience hit on a deeper level inside of Christianity. When reading the works of others it is important to know what the actual gospel truth is and then what the poet’s truth is. These lines are blurred in these two poemsRead MoreA Comparison of Blake’s Poems â€Å"the Divine Image† and â€Å"the Human Abstract†1090 Words   |  5 PagesErich Nolan CMLT-C205 3/19/12 A Comparison of Blake’s Poems â€Å"The Divine Image† and â€Å"The Human Abstract† William Blake (1757-1827, London) is considered the first of the great English Romantic poets; he was also a master engraver, a printer, and a painter. Blake was not widely known during his life and it wasn’t until some time after his death that his poetic works became widely read. Two of his best-known works â€Å"Songs of Innocence† (SoI) and â€Å"Songs of Experience† (SoE) contain the poemsRead MoreThe Human Abstract Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesmanifestations in Blakes manuscripts, reading it against A Divine Image, a poem w hich was never finally published by Blake, or comparing it to its Innocence counterpart, The Divine Image. Most critics seem to agree that The Human Abstract represents a philosophical turning point in The Songs of Innocence and of Expe rience, and in Blakes work as a whole. In 1924, Joseph H. Wicksteed observes that this difficult poem, originally called The human Image, represents Blakes attempt to summarize hisRead MoreThe Tyger B y William Blake Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tyger is a six-stanza poem written by an American poet, William Blake. This poem has many interpretation, in a way you could say it is a biblical as well as a symbolic poem, as ‘The Tyger’ is actually the contrast to one of Blake s other poem, The Lamb, both poems are from the book of â€Å"Songs of Innocence and Experience†. If you are familiar with the Christian Bible, it states â€Å"Jesus is the Lamb of God.† The Tyger is comprised of unanswered questions as to who could have created a terrifyingRead More The Complexity of William Blakes Poetry Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesThe Complexity of William Blakes Poetry Northrop Frye, in his critical essay, Poetry and Design, states; In a world as specialized as ours, concentration on one gift and a rigorous subordination of all others is practically a moral principle (Frye 137). William Blakes refusal to follow this moral principle by putting his poetry before his art, or vice versa, makes his work extraordinary as well as complex and ambiguous. Although critics attempt to juggle Blakes equally impressive talentsRead MoreWilliam Black - I Heard an Angel Singing1404 Words   |  6 PagesWILLIAM BLAKE â€Å"I heard an angel singing† A Matter of Life an Death Abstract In this poem William Blake at the beginning speaks about an angel, who was singing in the small hours every day. An angel was singing all day about mercy, pity, peace, which is the world ´s release. Angel was positive feature. He tried to help people. His voice is really beautiful and people feel good during his singing. Devil cursed mercy, pity and peace, because he saw all men are happy in the world and they don ´tRead MoreWilliam Wordsworth And The Echoing Green905 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant events in which the literary works were published (â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† by William Wordsworth and â€Å"The Echoing Green† by William Blake). However these poets both use nature around them as a symbolic meaning to express their current emotions and feelings, which both sparked memories from watching nature. My thesis intends to examine the question: Why William Wordsworth and William Blake had such a symbolic meaning in their poems? This thesis will atte mpt to answer this questionRead MoreEssay about William Blakes The Tyger850 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Blakes The Tyger In â€Å"The Tyger,† William Blake uses meter and rhyme to enhance both the meaning and the rhythm of his piece. The chanting nature is reinforced by frequent end-stop and catalectic endings for the lines. By melding these devices, Blake has managed to create a powerful poem – hidden in the casual style of a nursery rhyme. The meter of â€Å"The Tyger† is mostly trochaic tetrameter (four feet per line; stressed-unstressed). Or trochaic three-and-a-half meter, reallyRead MoreThe Transformation: Then and Now2186 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"So God created human beings in his own image. In the image of God he created them; male and female he created them† (New Living Translation, Gen. 1.27). William Blake, in his poem â€Å"The Divine Image†, uses multiple literary techniques, such as personification and repetition, to portray his idea that man and God share many of the same divine qualities. He later wrote the poem â€Å"A Divine Image†, which contrasts with the first by discussing the negative aspects of human beings. These negative characteristicsRead MoreAN ANALYSIS OF WILLIAM BLAKES SONGS2960 Words   |  12 PagesAN ANALYSIS OF WILLIAM BLAKE’S SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND OF EXPERIENCE AS A RESPONSE TO THE COLLAPSE OF VALUES TIMOTHY VINESâˆâ€" Blake’s Songs of Innocence and of Experience are a much studied part of the English canon, and for good reason. Blake’s work depicts a quandary that continues to haunt humanity today: the struggle of high-order humanity against the ‘real’ rationality and morals of institutionalised society. This essay seeks to explore both Blake’s literary reaction to the Enlightenment and the

Psycology Reflective Essay - 1296 Words

Psychology 445 Reflective Essay This class has not only enabled me to become a better student, but also a more productive adult in various ways. Initially, I came into your class ecstatic because I knew the journey I would embark would be an exciting one; however, I encountered challenges throughout the course although learning new psychological methods is enthusing to me. I learned about the origin of psychology and the evolution of modern psychology. In further detail, I will discuss how the learning goals of this course have influenced my career and personal life. When I began college, I was undecided about what to study. Initially, I enrolled as Biology major. I majored in biology for three years of my college career. Because†¦show more content†¦In order to totally comprehend psychology, one must first go back into its history and explore its origins. A question that I asked myself and became informed of throughout the course of this semester is: â€Å"How did the studies of Psychology originate? What period was Psychology created?† Because I was able to question myself, I became more involved and interesting not only in Psychology 445, but the overall studies of Psychology. As I answered these questions, I realized that Psychology involves a massive range of topics; alongside, examining the human’s developmental patterns and mental practices from cultural level to neural level. Interestingly, I learned that Speech Pathologists study the same materials as Psychologists. For example, both patricians must know matters pertaining to human mental concerns. These issues can begin right from delivery and endure up until the death of the person. Through the knowledge developed in Psychology 445, I will be able to better comprehend how the individual topics are studied and what has been taught thus far. One of my most beloved and studied psychologist has been Sigmund Freud (Freud). Independently, I studied Freud; the famous Austrian physician transformed the entire face of psychology in such an intense way by creating a theory of personality that strained on the significance of the unconscious mind. Freud’s involvement with clients anguish

Christian Science Free Essays

â€Å"There is no life, truth, intelligence, nor substance in matter. All is infinite Mind and its infinite manifestation, for God is All-in-all. Spirit is immortal Truth; matter is mortal error. We will write a custom essay sample on Christian Science or any similar topic only for you Order Now Spirit is the real and eternal; matter is the unreal and temporal. Spirit is God, and man is His image and likeness. Therefore man is not material; he is spiritual. † (SH 468) â€Å"Christian Science founder, Mary Baker Eddy was born in Bow, New Hampshire, in 1821. Her parents were devout Christians and she joined a Congregational Church at age 17. She was chronically sick growing up with many ailments including paralysis, hysteria, seizures and convulsions.At 22, she married her first of three husbands, George Glover, who died within 6 months from yellow fever. †(http://www. watchman. org/profile/chrsciprofile. htm) â€Å"In 1862, she began to learn from Phineas Quimby the possibility of cures without medicine. In 1866 (the year Quimby died), she suffered a severe injury after a fall on ice, and claimed a complete cure without the intervention of medicine. She was reading an account of one of Jesus’ healings in the Bible when she suddenly realized that healing comes by spiritual means, and she was instantly cured. â€Å"Eddy thereafter devoted herself to the recovery of the healing emphasis in early Christianity, and in 1875 she completed the first edition of her major book, Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures. In 1879, the Church of Christ (Scientist) was incorporated with the purpose of ‘commemorating the word and works of our Master’.She became chief pastor of the Mother Church, and wrote The Manual of the Mother Church to govern its affairs. She is referred to as Mrs. Eddy by church members. † (http://www. watchman. org/profile/chrsciprofile. tml) At the end of the 20th century, the church had about 2,500 congregations in 70 countries; its headquarters is at the Mother Church in Boston. The fundamental distinctive teaching of Christian Science is that creation is entirely spiritual and perfect and matter does not exist. Sin, sickness and death also do not exist; we only think they do. â€Å"The only reality of sin, sickness, or death is the awful fact that unrealities seem real to human, erring belief, until God strips off their disguise† (Science and Health, 472:27-29). http://www. watchman. org/profile/chrsciprofile. htm) â€Å"The Christian Science Church is declining rapidly. Between 1971 and 2009 the number of U. S. practitioners and teachers listed in the Christian Science Journal fell from about 5,000 to about 1,160 and the number of churches fell from about 1,800 to about 900 [9]. In November 2005, Rita Swan noted: The Christian Science Monitor had over 175,000 subscribers in 1988. Today it has 53,203 subscribers worldwide, but its circulation has fallen by more than 10% in the past six months.Even more startling, the Christian Science Board of Directors recently told a regional membership gathering that only 15,000 of those subscribers are members of the Christian Science church. (Thousands of the subscribers are libraries. ) The Manual of the Mother Church, which provides the rules for church members, requires all members to subscribe to all church periodicals if they can afford it. Many of those subscriptions are going to homes with only one church member (a widow, a single person, or a person who married outside the faith). It therefore seems highly likely that the Christian Science church today has no more than 30,000 members. Around the time of World War II, when the church had to report its membership to the government in order to be allowed to have military chaplains, it reported having 268,915 members in 1936 [10]. In December 2009, I found that the number of practitioners and teachers had plummeted to only 333 (a 75% drop in only four years). † (http://www. quackwatch. com/01QuackeryRelatedTopics/cs2. html )The largest population of Christian Scientists is in Boston, MA and St Louis, MO. Principia is a pre-school-college that is located in the St Louis area for Christian Scientists and many families have moved their so their children can attend. Boston is the home of The Mother Church and The Christian Science Monitor amongst others and so many people live and work in that area. (http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_are_the_demographics_of_christian_science_people_in_ame rica ) Christian Scientists refer to God as â€Å"Father-Mother† rather than the biblical â€Å"Father. Though unconventional, this is not a major departure from mainstream Christianity, since God is believed to encompass both male and female (both were created â€Å"in the image of God†). Christian Science teaches that Jesus is divine but not God, and that Jesus’ human nature is a separate entity from the divine Christ. â€Å"Jesus Christ is not God, as Jesus himself declared, but is the Son of God† (Science and Health, 361:12-13). â€Å"Jesus is the name of the man who, more than all other men, has presented Christ, the true idea of God, healing the sick and sinning and destroying the power of death† (Science and Health, 473:10-17).Mrs. Eddy rejected the traditional doctrine of the Trinity, saying that it suggests polytheism (Science and Health, 256:9-11). She did, however, accept the threefold nature of God, defining it as a trinity of â€Å"Life, Truth, and Love,† or â€Å"God the Father-Mother, Christ the spiritual idea of sonship, and divine Science or the Holy Comforter† (Science and Health 331:26-332:3). Christian Scientists are neither creationists nor biblical literalists. They regard the story of the creation in the Book of Genesis as having symbolic rather than literal meaning. However, Eddy also believed that the theory of evolution wrongly portrayed man as mortal rather than spiritual: â€Å"Theorizing about man’s development from mushrooms to monkeys and from monkeys into men amounts to nothing in the right direction and very much in the wrong. â€Å"[20] Thus, from the Christian Science point of view, both creationism and evolution are false as they both proceed from a belief in the reality of a material universe. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Christian_Science) The Christian Science position on the nature of evil may be stated as follows: â€Å"Evil is a negation, because it is the absence of truth.It is nothing, because it is the absence of something. It is unreal, because it presupposes the absence of God, the omnipotent and omnipresent. Every mortal must learn that there is neither power nor reality in evil†. [17] This statement should not be taken as meaning that Christian Scientists ignore the belief of evil and its effects, but they do not see evil as either an aspect of God, or as a real power separate from God. Evil is not fundamentally â€Å"real† because it is not part of God’s being or his creation. But it may appear to be real as a mistaken concept of God and man, and consequently must be â€Å"seen through† rather than ignored.Christian Scientists believe God and his creation to be wholly and only good. (http://www. religionfacts. com/a-z-religion-index/christian_science. htm) Eddy defined salvation as follows: â€Å"Life, Truth, and Love understood and demonstrated as supreme over all; sin, sickness and death destroyed† (Science and Health, 593:20-22). Heaven and hell are states of mind. Heaven is â€Å"not a locality, but a divine state of Mind in which all the manifestations of Mind are harmonious and immortal† (Science and Health, 291:13-16). It is â€Å"Harmony; the reign of Spirit; government by the divine Principle; spirituality; bliss; the atmosphere of Soul. (Science and Health, 587:25-27). Hell is â€Å"Mortal belief; error; lust; remorse; hatred; revenge; sin; sickness; death; suffering and self-destruction; self-imposed agony; effects of sin; that which ‘worketh abomination or maketh a lie. ‘† (Science and Health, 588:1-4). Individuals are thought to â€Å"pass on† to an existence similar to that experienced before death, where they can continue making strides toward eternal salvation. Death is considered the â€Å"last enemy† that does not offer any advantage toward salvation. (http://www. patheos. om/Library/Christian-Science/Beliefs/Afterlife-and-Salvation. html) Their standard from morality comes from Eddy’s book. â€Å"And we solemnly promise to watch, and pray for that Mind to be in us which was also in Christ Jesus; to do unto others as we would have them do unto us; and to be merciful, just, and pure. † (Science and Health(496)) Readers lead Sunday services based on readings from the Bible and Eddy’s Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures. These are based on Lesson-Sermons developed by the Mother Church, which are also used in daily private study. http://www. religionfacts. com/a-z-religion-index/christian_science. htm) Spiritual healing of disease is a central focus of the Church of Christ, Scientist, for its own sake as well as its evidence of redemption from the flesh. Most members refuse medical help for disease. This is the church’s most controversial practice. However, Christian Scientists are generally teach cooperation with local laws, such as in getting vaccinations, reporting communicable diseases, etc. , and leave the decision to seek physical treatments up to each individual. â€Å"Healthcare decisions are How to cite Christian Science, Papers Christian Science Free Essays The basic philosophy of Christian Science is idealism. â€Å"Nothing is real and eternal; nothing is spirit- but God and his ideal; evil has no reality. † The primary theme of The Bible is that spiritual power always triumphs over material power. We will write a custom essay sample on Christian Science or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, illness is not real. Instead, it is simply a failure of faith and this can be documented, â€Å"scientifically,† in the lives of those who have genuine faith. Christian Science was discovered and founded by Mary Baker Eddy. â€Å"The Mother Church. † Raised in a strict, religious home, she derived her lifelong interest in Christianity and the Bible. Throughout her childhood and into her adult years, she was plagued with ill health. This motivated her to study alternative methods in healing, which deviated from the then current medical techniques, which had failed her. After her first husband’s death, she began to study a number of healing ministries. At the age of forty-one, she sought a cure from a healer, Phineas Quimby. Mr. Quimby was a clockmaker who developed a method of natural healing. He emphasized the role of the human mind in achieving bodily health. Mr.  Quimby felt that the key to healing lay in the confidence by the healer in the patient’s recovery, and in the confidence that the patient has in the healer’s ability. Mrs. Eddy was a student-associate of Mr. Quimby until his death in 1866. Initially, her health improved under his care, but later she suffered a relapse. Shortly afterwards, she fell on an icy sidewalk and severely injured herself. Some did not expect her to survive. On what she believed to her deathbed, she read one of Jesus’ healings and suddenly realized that healing comes not from internal bodily processes, or from the power of a person’s mind, but from the Divine Mind, God. She was instantly cured. Mrs. Eddy withdrew from society for three years in order to concentrate on a deep search through the Bible and discover precisely how her healing had taken place. She wished to share this knowledge with others, and to give them the tools to take away sin and achieve health. Mrs. Eddy then wrote her book, Science and Health, later called Science and Health with key to the scriptures. This book explains how Christian Science heals and by just reading it, people are healed. Many people have speculated on the source of Mrs.  Eddy’s new beliefs. Some skeptics have implied that she plagiarized much of Mr. Quimby’s writings and teachings. The difference between the two was quite obvious, Mary Baker Eddy had always been deeply committed to Christianity and Mr. Quimby was highly antagonistic towards it. Mrs. Eddy determined that it was the Divine Mind, God, who healed, no the human mind. After the book was published, her teachings were welcomed and adopted by many Americans, but bitterly opposed by many traditional Christian authorities. The church went though a period of rapid growth during the first half of the twentieth-century. Membership leveled out by 1950 and has gradually declined. They operate Christian Science Reading rooms where the public is invited to read the Bible and literature published by the church. These reading rooms are in many communities and anyone is welcome. An estimate of about 400,000 people follows Christian Science teachings. The church has about 2,300 branch congregations in 60 countries. There are about 1,600 congregations in the United States and about sixty in Canada. Christian Science is practiced worldwide except for Northwest Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and parts of the Central, East, and Southeast Asia. Christian Scientists do not generally use medicine or go to doctors. They respect the work of the medical profession, but choose prayer as treatment for themselves and their children rather than medicine because they have experienced prayer’s effectiveness many times in their lives. The regeneration of heart and mind that brings about physical healing is the most significant element of healing. The teachings of Christ Jesus are central to Christian Science, and his healing work provides and example of how his followers can turn to God’s omnipotent love for healing. Over the years, Christian Science religious publications have provided thousands of accounts of healing through prayer. Each week testimonies of healings are published to the Christian Science Sentinel and each month in The Christian Science Journal. Healing is accomplished not though blind faith but through a growing understanding of God and a recognition of one’s identity as God’s reflection. This can be gained through the study of Christian Science. It is the result of drawing closer to god through coming to know the loving kindness of his divine laws and the perfection of his spiritual creation. Christian Scientists often pray for themselves and find healing. If one feels the need for additional prayerful assistance, however, he or she can call a Christian Science Practitioner. Practitioners are men and women who devote their full time to helping others through prayer. The practitioners claim no personal healing power. God alone heals. The practitioner just as the patient turns to God in humility and willingness to hear his direction and followed his guidance. In church, Christian Scientists practice the daily stuffy of the Bible and Science and Health. There are no ordained clergy in the church. Services are conducted by readers who read from the Bible, from Science and health, and from lesson sermons sent from the mother church. Christian Scientists believe in one, infinite God who is all and all good. They believe that God is not distant or unknowable, but that God is all encompassing and always present. And that God loves each individual, cared for by him, and made in God’s image- spiritual, not material. How to cite Christian Science, Essay examples

Species Distribution of Liverworts in Mt. Kalatungan, Pangantucan, Bukidnon free essay sample

These plants are easily overlooked because of their small sizes, yet play a very important role in the ecosystem. It is widely distributed, occurring from the arctic to the tropics. Some grow in relatively dry places and most occur where moisture is generally available, such as on damp soil or moist rotting logs, along shaded   stream banks, on rocks in streams, or on wet rock outcroppings; a few even grow under saline conditions. The leafy and thalloid liverworts are the two groups of taxonomic characters. Furthermore, liverworts generally grow in consistently moist habitats, occupying niches where competition with vascular plants is minimal. Spray zones of waterfalls or wetlands such as bogs, fens, and streams seeps, are often rich in hepatics. Shaded old-growth forests also support liverwort growth, particularly in mesic or even hydric habitats. Thalloid liverworts grow on consistently damp rock faces or in wetlands. Other species may grow in shaded crevices and among mosses in more xeric conditions. Liverworts also may colonize moist or submerged rocks (Scapania nemorosa, Porella pinnata), grow under water (Ricciocarpus fluitans), found on logs and humic soil in mesic forests (Nowellia curvifloria, Bazzania trilobata) and grows on tree bark (Frullania eboracensis). Different forest associations favor a variety of liverwort assemblages (Schuster, 2000)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several liverworts species reported in traditional Chinese medicine such as Marchantia, Pallavicinia, Plagiochila and Lepidozia (Saxena and Harinder, 2004). Furthermore, liverworts   also been considered to play a significant role in the global carbon budget (O’Neill, 2000) and CO2 exchange and have been used as indicator of past climate change, and as potential indicators of global warming (Gignac, 2001; De Lucia et al,2003). In the present study, the researchers attempted to assessed the number of liverworts   that are distributed in the mossy forest of Mt. Kalatungan and possibly   identify new possible species in the sites selected wherein the said mountain showed a very cold environment and are required as favorable condition to different bryophytes growing on tree trunks, soils and on rock moist surfaces within the study site. So far, very few studies have examined the liverworts community structure and its relationships to substrates and vegetation type, likewise, no central source towards synthesis of nomenclature, taxonomy, distribution patterns and conservation at   a regional level, thus this present study is conceived. Statement of the Problem The study attempted to assess the distribution of liverworts   in the mossy forest of Mt. Kalatungan, Bukidnon. Specifically it sought to answer the following questions: 1. How are the species be classified, identified and described? .. How are the liverworts ecologically distributed in the mossy forest? 3. What are the species of liverworts identified with medicinal value? Objectives of the Study The study attempted to assess the liverworts   in the mossy forest of Mt. Kalatungan, Bukidnon. Specifically, it aimed to: 1. Collect, identify and classify the liverworts at the study sites. 2. Determine how the liverworts ecologically distributed in the mossy forest. 3. Determine the species of liverworts identified with medicinal value. Significance of the Study This study will provide additional baseline information regarding the taxonomic structure, habitat and the distribution of the species of liverworts. Results will benefit the students, teachers, scientists, biologists and the people in the community about the existence of liverworts. It will also give additional information regarding the role of liverworts in ecology and medicine. More importantly, this will guide scientists on what global actions are needed to conserve the earth’s forest ecosystem. Scope and Limitations of the Study The study is only limited on the distribution and ecology of liverworts in the mossy forest of Mt. Kalatungan in Bukidnon. The species were collected within the specified quadrat. It was conducted last December 27-29, 2012. Theoretical Framework Review of Related Literature The Liverworts: Classification, Habitat, Life   Cycle and Ecology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Bryophytes are non-vascular plants. They are simple, green, and undergoing photosynthetic activity in the forest ecosystem. There are three distinct lineages namely; mosses (Bryopsida or Musci), liverworts (Hepaticopsida or Hepaticae), and Hornworts (Anthocerotopsida or Anthocerotae). There are 24,000 species of bryophytes worldwide. It is estimated that about 6,000 to 8,000 species for liverworts, though, when Neotropical regions are studied this population may approach 10,000 species. Some of the more familiar species grow as a flattened leafless thallus, but most are leafy with a form very much like a flattened moss. Other species of liverworts have leafy appearance of mosses but they lack midribs or costa. Liverworts are typically small, usually from 2-20 mm wide with individual plants less than 10 cm long, and are therefore often overlooked. However, certain species may cover large patches of ground, Rocks, trees, or any other reasonably firm substrate on which they occur. They are distributed globally in almost every available habitat, most often in humid locations although there are desert and arctic species as well. Some species can be nuisance in shady green houses or a weed in gardens. Leafy Liverworts ( Jungermaniidae) A leafy liverwort typically has leaves of two sizes, arranged in three rows along the stem. The larger leaves (called lateral leaves) grow in two rows, along opposite sides of the stem. The great majority of leafy liverworts is prostrate plants and grows along some substrate (e. g. soil, bark, leaves, and rock). In such a growth form the lateral leaves are parallel to the substrate and the third row of leaves is on the underside of the stem which explains why they are often called under leaves. The coplanar arrangement of the lateral leaves gives leafy liverworts a flat look that is rare in mosses. The leaves themselves vary greatly in shape, depending on species. The leaves range from fairly simple, rounded shapes to heavily divide. The margins may be smooth to toothed to hairy (http://www. anbg. gov. au/bryophyte/liverwort-leafy. html). Thallose Liverworts (Marchantiidae) Liverworts of this type have a plant body with no stem-leaf structure, but consist instead of a thallus a large flat plate, one to several cells thick. The thallus maybe subdivided into lobes, and these may vary in width from 2-3 millimeters or more according to the species. In some species there is a thickened midrib, and some may have pores (small holes) dotted about their surface(http://www. hiddenforest. co. nz/bryophytes/liverworts/intro. tm). Habitat of Liverworts Liverworts are literally found everywhere. They flourish on every continent and landmass, and exploit a remarkably diverse array of microhabitats. In addition to growing in persistently moist environments, such as in fresh water, on forest floors, waterfall splash zones, and stream banks, some are well adapted to microhabitats where water is limited. These include on bark and t wigs (epiphytes), on the surface of leaves (epiphylls), and on the rock surface. Some liverworts are even able to persist in truly desert environments. The ocean and other salty aquatic habitats are the only environments where liverworts are absent. (http://www. biology. duke. edu/bryology/liTol/ecoConsRefs. html). Life Cycle of Liverworts The unique life cycle of liverworts and hornworts consists of a spore producing body called a sporophyte that is attach to and dependent on the gamete producing body called gametophyte for its nutrient supply. The taxonomy and proper identification of these two groups of bryophytes depend on characters observed from both the gametophyte and sporophyte bodies. The gametophyte body is haploid (one set of chromosomes) and produces the sex organ, either the archegonia (female) or the antheridia (male). The sex organs of liverworts are surrounded and protected by specialize leafy appendages or the other types of protected structures, while that of hornworts are sunken into the gametophyte for protection. The female archegonium is flask-shaped structure consisting of a long neck and an enlarged basal portion (venter) where the egg cell is born. Contrasting the male antheridium is the elongated or oblong structure with a basal stalk (Piippo et al, 2002). Economic Importance of Liverworts Liverworts have little direct economic importance today. Their greatest impact is indirect, through the reduction of erosion along stream banks, their collection and retention of water in tropical forests, and the formation of soil crusts in deserts and Polar Regions. However, a few species are used by humans directly. A few species, such as Riccia fluitans, are aquatic thallose liverworts sold for use in aquariums. Their thin, slender branches float on the waters surface and provide habitat for both small invertebrates and the fish that feed on them (Raven, P. H. , R. F. Evert, amp; S. E. Eichhorn. 2005). In United States Geological Survey of Forest and Rangeland and Ecosystem Science in July 21, 2003, liverworts also have great potential as indicator for long-term ecological monitoring because they are obviously an important aesthetic and functional part of park ecosystems; they are susceptible to changes in air quality, precipitation chemistry and climate. The liverworts, together with mosses and hornworts, play a vital role in, and constitute a major part of, the biodiversity in moist forest, wetland, mountain and tundra ecosystems. They frequently dominate (co-dominate with lichens) severely stressed environments, such as exposed mountain summits, upland stream communities, and toxic environments (e. g. , soil rich in heavy metals), where most vascular plants are unable to compete successfully (Hallingback, N 2000). Medicinal uses of Liverworts Bryophytes are good sources of medicine such as the liverworts which contain biologically active substances and recent study in the United States on the anti-cancer properties of bryophytes has been rewarding. Some of the result of this research can be found in Spjut et. al. (2007). In ancient times, it was believed that liverworts cured diseases of the liver, hence the name. In Old English, the word liverwort literally means liver plant (Raven, P. H. , R. F. Evert, amp; S. E. Eichhorn. Biology of Plants, 7th ed. , page 351. (New York: W. H. Freeman, 2005). This probably stemmed from the superficial appearance of some thalloid liverworts (which resemble a liver in outline), and led to the common name of the group as hepatics, from the Latin word hepaticus for â€Å"belonging to the liver†. An unrelated flowering plant, Hepatica, is sometimes also referred to as liverwort because it was once also used in treating diseases of the liver. This archaic relationship of plant form to function was based in the â€Å"Doctrine of Signatures† (Sadava, David; David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, May Berenbaum, 2009) Several Researches Conducted Related to Liverworts The liverwort flora is still largely unknown in as much as reports of collection are scanty, widely scattered and cannot easily be assembled. The following list of known records has been exhausted by the researchers. Azuelo (2005) in her report of Bryophytes Flora in Mt. Malindang, Misamis Oriental that there are 11 families, 13 Genera and 18 species of liverworts. Liverworts have 3 families, genera and species as cited by (Neri et. al 2007) In the study conducted by (Repolidon and Colinares, 2012) they reported 23 species with 5 families and 11 genera of liverworts along the mountain streams in Bacusanon, Pangantucan, Bukidnon. Lastly, (Azuelo, et. al 2012) in their study on Species Richness of Bryophytes and Lichens in Mt. Kalatungan, Bukidnon reported that there are twelve (12) families, twenty (20) genera and sixty-two (62) species of liverworts found in the said study site. METHODOLOGY A. Prior Informed Consent (PIC) with the Locale People A letter was personally given to the office of the Punong   Barangay of Bacusanon, Pangantucan, Bukidnon before the conduct of the study. B. Establishment of the Study Area and Sampling Design The conduct of inventory of liverworts was done by quadrat sampling within 20 x 20 meters inside the quadrat. All the liverworts were collected along the study site were listed, and their associated habitats were noted. C. Location of the Study site The research sites were located in Mt. Kalatungan Range National Park situated in san Guinto, Bacusanon, Pangantucan, Bukidnon. The site was located in the mossy forest of Mt. Kalatungan Range. The said site has approximately 2,008 meters above sea level and the relative humidity is 14? C. D. Research Design The study utilized the descriptive and research survey. E. Preparation of Herbarium Specimen The collected specimens of liverworts was placed in a plastic bag with a field label data such as: collection number, data of collection, associated habitats and the presence of the sporophyte. This was then air dried and place in packet envelope and will properly label for herbarium vouchers. F. Identification, Classification and Description of Liverworts Species The specimens was identified and classified based on their gametophyte differentiation: leafy and thalloid. Leafy liverworts are described morphologically by their diagnostic characters such as color, size, leaf insertion, and leaf apex and leaf margins. Thalloid liverworts are described morphologically based on plant habit: prostrate, ascending, erect or hanging; whether the body is dichotomous or irregular; presence of midrib; presence of involucres on the reproductive organ. Identification was made using the existing herbaria and keys from books, scientific articles and journals. Further examinations were done through field lens. The specimen was initially identified by the researchers and confirmed by Dr. Andrea G. Azuelo, a bryologist based in Central Mindanao University, Musuan Bukidnon. G. Species Distribution in the Site The number of families, genera, and species of the collected specimens in the site was determined and compared. H. Photo Documentation A digital camera was used for the documentation for the study site and the specimen was taken from their natural habitats. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION _______________________________________ The results shows a total of twenty one (21) species with eight (8) genera and eight (8) families found in the study site. Based on their gametophyte differentiation, leafy and thalloid liverworts were observed. There are three (3) thalloids liverworts species and eighteen (18) leafy liverworts species. Most of the species collected were confined on decayed logs because most likely the decayed logs were more preferable habitat of liverworts. Given are the species of Liverworts and their description collected on the mossy forest on December 27-29, 2012. Family : Metzgeriaceae Collection Number: 1 Scientific Name: Metzgeria sp. Description:Leafy liverworts, Dark green when fresh and greenish brown when dry. Lack air chambers, air pores, ventral scales and pegged rhizoids. Marginal hairs, single pairs, curved and hooked. Collection Number: 2 Scientific Name: Metzgeria consanguine Description:  Ã‚   Leafy liverworts. Yellow green when fresh and dark green when dry. Family: Lepidoziaceae Collection Number: 3 Scientific Name: Lepidozia sp. Description:Leafy liverworts. Green when fresh and greenish brown when dry. Lateral leaves elliptical to ovate, alternate distantly arranged, leaf base plains, leaf margin entire, leaf apex toothed (Azuelo, 2005) Collection number: 4 Scientific name: Lepidozia sp. 1 Description: Leafy liverworts. Pale green when fresh and yellow green when dry. Lateral leaves elliptical; leaf base plain; leaf margin entire; leaf apex toothed(Azuelo 2006). Collection Number: 5 Scientific name: Bazzania sp. Description: Leafy liverworts. Green to dark green when dry and green to yellow green in tip when dry. Lateral leaves lingulate-cutriform; Leaf base plain; leaf margin entire; Leaf apex toothed (Azuelo,2005). Collection Number: 6 Scientific name: Bazzania sp. 2 Description: Leafy liverworts. Green to dark glossy green when fresh and greenish brown when dry. Lateral leaf irregular lingulate; leaf base plain,leaf margin entire, leaf apex toothed (Azuelo 2005). Collection Number: 7 Scientific name: Bazzania tridens Description: Leafy liverworts. Dark glossy green when fresh greenish brown when dry. Leaf spreading/parent. Lateral leaf irregular lingulate; leaf base plain, leaf margin entire, leaf apex toothed (Azuelo, 2005) Family: Pallaviciniaceae Collection Number: 8 Scientific name: Pallvicinia llyellii Description: Thalloid liverworts. Green when fresh and greenish brown when dry,  branched. Leaves in many lobes,leaf base plain; leaf margin entire;leaf apex round; presence of â€Å"vita† (Azuelo et. al. 2011). Family: Marchantiaceae Collection Number: 9 Scientific name: Marchantia polymorpha Description: Thalloid   liverwort. Green when fresh and brownish green when dry. Leaves in many lobe;leaf base plain; leaf margin entire; leaf apex round; presence of costa(Azuelo et. al. 2011). Collection Number: 10 Scientific name: Dumortiera hirsuta Description: Thalloid liverwort. Green when fresh and dry. Leaves in many lobes,leaf base plain, leaf margin entire; leaf apex round. Presence of â€Å"vitta†. (Azuelo et. al. 2011). Family: Schistochilaceae Collection Number: 11 Scientific name: Schistochila sp. Description: Leafy liverworts. Green when fresh and yellowish green when dry. Lateral leaves elliptical; Leaf base plain; leaf margin entire; leaf apex obtuse (Azuelo 2005). Collection Number: 12 Scientific name: Schistochila sp. 2 Description: Leafy liverworts. Pale green when fresh and yellow green when dry. Collection Number:13 Scientific name: Schistochila aligera Description: Leafy liverworts. Yellow when fresh and greenish brown when dry. Collection Number: 14 Scientific name: Schistochila macrodonta Description: Leafy liverworts. Yellow green when fresh and dark green when dry. Lateral leaves oblong; leaf base cordate; leaf margin serrulate, leaf apex entire. Family: Plagiochilaceae Collection Number: 15 Scientific name: Plagiochila sp. Description:Leafy liverworts. Green when fresh and brown when dry; lateral leaves cultriform-lingulate, leaf base plain; leaf margin entire; leaf apex toothed in one side, entire in other side. Absence of ventral/under leaves. Collection Number: 16 Scientific name: Plagiochila sp. 1 Description: Leafy liverworts. Light green when fresh and greenish brown when dry. Lateral leaves cultriform,leaf margin dentate,leaf apex obtuse (Azuelo 2005). Collection Number:17 Scientific name: Plagiochila sp. Description: Leafy liverworts. Pale green when fresh and yellow green when dry. lateral   leaves ovate, leaf margin dentate,leaf apex very obtuse (Azuelo 2005). Collection Number: 18 Scientific name: Plagiochila bantamensis Description : Leafy liverworts. Dark green when fresh and pale green when dry. Leaves long, narrowly inserted to the stem, unlobed, toothed. Ventral leaf base forms a sac with ciliate margins; underleaves ciliate-dentate margins. Collection Number:19 Scientific name: Plagiochila javanica Description:Leafy liverworts. Dark green when fresh and yellow green when dry. Leaf base plain; leaf margin entire, leaf apex acute. Family: Geocalycaceae Collection Number: 20 Scientific name: Heteroscyphus sp. Description :Leafy liverworts. Dark green when fresh and greenish brown when dry. With 2-3 asymetrical teeth at leaf apices. Family: Lejeuneaceae Collection Number:21 Scientific name: Lejeunia sp. Description: Leafy liverwort. Green when fresh and dry,leaf margin entire and apex  Ã‚  Ã‚  blunty pointed. The table 1 (Appendix A) shows that families Lepidoziaceae , Plagiochilaceae and Schistochilaceae had abundance species found in the study site namely: Lepidozia sp, Lepidozia sp. 1, Bazzania tridens, Bazzania sp. and Bazzania sp. 2 for the family Lepidoziaceae. For the family Plagiochilaceae the following species were identified: Plagiochila sp. Plagiochila sp. 1 Plagiochila sp. 2, Plagiochila javanica and Plagiochila bantamensis . Schistochila macrodonta Schistochila sp, Schistochila sp. 2 and Schistochila aligera are the species collected for family Schistochilaceae. While families Metzgeriaceae, Geocalecaceae and Lejeuneaceae had less abundance species. Namely: Metzgeria sp. and Metzgeria consanguine for family Metzgeriaceae; Heteroscyphus sp. (family Geocalecaceae ) and Lejeunea sp. (family Lejeuneaceae). Among the identified species of liverworts there are three (3) thalloids liverworts species namely: Pallavicinia llyeii , Dumortiera hirsuta and Marchantia polymorpha sp. and eighteen (18) leafy liverworts species: Metzgeria sp. , Metzgeria consanguine, Lepidozia sp, Lepidozia sp. 1, Bazzania tridens, Bazzania sp. Bazzania sp. 2, Schistochila macrodonta, Schistochila sp. , Schistochila sp. 2, Schistochila aligera, Plagiochila sp. , Plagiochila sp. 1, Plagiochila sp. 2, Plagiochila javanica, Plagiochila bantamensis, Heteroscyphus sp. and Lejeunea sp. Most of the species collected were confined on decayed logs because most likely the decayed logs were more preferable habitat of liverworts Table 2 (Appendix B). The results shows a total of eight (8) families namely: Family Metzgeriaceae, Lepidoziaceae, Pallaviciniaceae, Marchantiaceae, Schistochilaceae, Plagiochilaceae, Geocalecaceae, and Lejeuneceae. This also includes eight (8) genera namely: Metzgeria, Lepidozia, Pallavicinia, Marchantia, Schistochila, Plagiochila, Heteroscyphus and Lejeunea. The findings of the study shows that there are twenty one (21) species of liverworts collected namely: Metzgeria sp, Metzgeria consanguine, Lepidozia sp. , Lepidozia sp. 1, Bazzania tridens,   Bazzania sp. Bazzania sp. 2,Pallavicinia llyeii, Dumortiera hirsuta, Marchantia polymorpha sp. , Schistochila macrodonta, Schistochila sp. , Schistochila sp. 2,Schistochila aligera, Plagiochila sp. , Plagiochila sp. 1,   Plagiochila sp. 2, Plagiochila javanica, Plagiochila bantamensis, Heteroscyphus sp. and Lejeunea sp. Table 3 (Appendix C)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The table 4 (Appendix D) shows that some species of liverworts collected has a medicinal importance. This includes the species of   Dumortiera sp. s source for antibiotics: Marchantia polymorpha as diuretics for liver ailments, insect bites, boils and abscesses, treat pulmonary tuberculosis, with growth inhibiting substances; used to cure cuts, fractures, poisonous bites, burns, scalds, and open wounds, for cardiovascular disease; Pallavicinia sp. as extracts for antimicrobial activity; Plagiochila sp. exhibits anti-leukemic activity/anti-microbial activity; Bazzania sp. exhibits anti-fungal activity; and Leujenia sp. can cure chest pain. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Summary and Conclusion This research is conducted to be able to inventory the distribution of liverworts in the mossy forest in Mt. Kalatungan, Pangantucan, Bukidnon. Specifically this study aimed to: 1) collect, classify and identify the liverworts in the study sites. 2) determine how the liverworts ecologically distributed in the mossy forest and 3) determine the species of liverworts with medicinal value. Based on the findings of the study, twenty one (21) species of liverworts were collected with eight families namely: Family Metzgeriaceae, Lepidoziaceae, Pallaviciniaceae, Marchantiaceae, Schistochilaceae, Plagiochilaceae, Geocalecaceae, and Lejeuneceae. This also includes eight (8) genera namely: Metzgeria, Lepidozia, Pallavicinia, Marchantia, Schistochila, Plagiochila, Heteroscyphus and Lejeunea. The findings of the study shows that there are twenty one (21) species of liverworts collected namely: Metzgeria sp, Metzgeria consanguine, Lepidozia sp. , Lepidozia sp. 1, Bazzania tridens,   Bazzania sp. , Bazzania sp. 2,Pallavicinia llyeii, Dumortiera hirsuta, Marchantia polymorpha sp. , Schistochila macrodonta, Schistochila sp. , Schistochila sp. 2,Schistochila aligera, Plagiochila sp. , Plagiochila sp. 1,   Plagiochila sp. ,Plagiochila javanica, Plagiochila bantamensis, Heteroscyphus sp. and Lejeunea sp. The identified species were identified according to gametophyte differentiation: leafy and thalloid. There are a total of eighteen (18) leafy liverworts species and three (3)   thalloids liverworts species. The collected species were also classified based on their taxonomic characters such as color, classification, shape, apex a nd margin. Findings also shows that there are six (6) of liverworts had potential value in medicine. This includes: Durmotiera hirsuta, Marchantia polymorpha, Pallavicinia sp. Plagiochila sp. , Bazzania sp. ,and Leujenia sp. Most of the species are recorded to possess antimicrobial activity, anti-leukemic and anti-fungal property. Recommendation The researchers recommends that further study on the morphological  diversity of liverworts requires an in-depth study to carefully explore and describe their morphology  character. It is also recommended to conduct study on the other parts of the mossy forest with establishments of more sampling plots in the study sites and the factors   that affect the species distribution has to be considered. Further scientific research on the study sites should be conducted to find out more medicinal species of liverworts for the benefits of everyone. LITERATURE CITED Azuelo,A. ,Sariana,L. ,Magday,E. ,and Montecillo,R. 2012. Species Richness and Biodiversity of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bryophytes and Lichens in Mt. Kalatungan, Bukidnon. Azuelo,A. ,Sariana,L. and Pabualan,M. 2011. Some Medicinal Bryophytes: Their Ethnobotanical Uses and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Morphology. Asian Journal of Biodiversity. Bongay,K. , Lofranco,M. , and Maribao,H. 2012. Distribution of Liverworts along Maradugao   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   River, Malinao, Kalilangan, Bukidnon. Manville,G. ,Webster,H. , and Stabley,J. Bryophytes and Lichens: Review of Status in Pennsylvania. Raven, P. H. , R. F. Evert, and S. E. Eichhorn. Biology of Plants, 7th ed. , page 351. (New York: W. H. Freeman, 2005). ISBN 0-7167-1007-2. Sadava, David; David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, May Berenbaum (2009). Life: The Science of Biology   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (9th ed. ). New York: W. H. Freeman. p. 599. ISBN  1429246448. WEBLIOGRAPHY http://www. anbg. gov. au/bryophyte/liverwort-leafy. html Appendix A TABLE 1:   Family, genera and species of liverworts found in the study sites. FAMILY| GENERA| SPECIES| Metzgeriaceae| Metzgeria| Metzgeria sp. Metzgeria consanguine| Lepidoziaceae| Lepidozia| Lepidozia spLepidozia sp. 1Bazzania tridensBazzania sp. Bazzania sp. 2| Pallaviciniaceae| Pallavicinia| Pallavicinia llyeii| Marchantiaeceae| Marchantia| Dumortiera hirsutaMarchantia polymorpha sp. | Schistochilaceae| Schistochila| Schistochila macrodontaSchistochila sp. Schistochila sp. 2Schistochila aligera| Plagiochilaceaea| Plagiochila| Plagiochila sp. Plagiochila sp. 1Plagiochila sp. 2Plagiochila javanicaPlagiochila bantamensis| Geocalecaceae| Heteroscyphus| Heteroscyphus sp. | Lejeuneaceae| Lejeuneae| Lejeunea sp. Appendix B Table 2: Types of liverworts based on their classification and their habitats Family| Species| Types| Habitat| Metzgeriaceae| Metzgeria sp. Metzgeria consaguine| LeafyLeafy| Tree rootsTwigs| Lepidoziaceae| Lepidozia spLepidozia sp. 1Bazzania tridensBazzania sp. Bazzania sp. 2| LeafyLeafyLeafyLeafyLeafy| Decayed logsDecayed logsDecayed logsDecayed logsDecayed logs| Palla viciniaceae| Pallavicinia llyeii| Thalloids| Decayed roots| Marchantiaeceae| Dumortiera hirsutaMarchantia polymorpha sp. | ThalloidsThalloids| Decayed branchDecayed logs| Schistochilaceae| Schistochila macrodontaSchistochila sp. Schistochila sp. 2Schistochila aligera| LeafyLeafyLeafyLeafy| Decayed logsDecayed logsDecayed logsDecayed logs| Plagiochilaceaea| Plagiochila sp. Plagiochila sp. 1Plagiochila sp. 2Plagiochila javanicaPlagiochila bantamensis| LeafyLeafyLeafyLeafyLeafy| Tree trunkTree trunkDecayed branchDecayed branchSoil/Decayed logs| Geocalecaceae| Heteroscyphus sp. | Leafy| Fallen branch| Lejeuneaceae| Lejeunea sp. | Leafy| Decayed logs| Appendix C TABLE 3: Summary of Liverworts collected in Mt. kalatungan, Pangantucan,   Bukidnon. FAMILIES| GENERA| SPECIES| Metzgeriaceae| 1| 2| Lepidoziaceae| 1| 5| Pallaviciniaceae| 1| 1| Marchantiaceae| 1| 2| Schistochilaceae| 1| 4| Plagiochilaceae| 1| 5| Geocalycacea| 1| 1| Lejeuneaceae| 1| 1| TOTAL 8| 8| 21| Appendix D TABLE 4: Species of liverworts and their medicinal uses or properties found in the study sites SPECIES OF LIVERWORTS| MEDICINAL USES| 1. Durmotiera hirsuta| As source for antibiotics *| 2. Marchantia polymorpha  | As diuretics for liver ailments, insect bites, boils and abscesses, treat pulmonary tuberculosis, with growth inhibitingsubstances; used to cure cuts, fractures, poisonous bites, burns, scalds, and open wounds, for cardiovascular disease *| 3. Pallavicinia sp. | Extracts for antimicrobial activity *| 4. Plagiochila sp. | Exhibits anti-leukemic activity/anti-microbial activity*| 5. Bazzania sp. | Exhibits anti-fungal activity***| 6. Leujenia sp| Can cure chest pain**| References:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   * Azuelo, et. al. 2011. Asian Journal of Biodiversity. Volume 2 ** Boom,1996:67 *** http://. arkat-usa. org/get-file/18667/